The research comes from a meta-analysis. A meta-analysis is where many smaller studies are pooled together in order to improve sample size and in order to give a better representation of people across a whole range of businesses and industries.
The researchers are James Harter of Gallup, Frank Schmidt from Iowa University, and Theodore Hayes from the US Civil Service. The sample size was 200,000 people, which is a very substantial sample size. It was published in a peer reviewed journal in 2002 (Journal of Applied Psychology).
They performed a utility analysis in which they compared business outcomes between companies that fell into the top quartile of employee engagement, and companies that fell into the bottom quartile of employee engagement.
Overwhelming results
Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(2), 268-279.
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